Gravitational Search Algorithm Based Automatic Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Interconnected Power System

Demand and frequency deviation is gaining more popularity in power system research especially with multiple systems interconnections operations as a result of the complexity network, network upgrade renewable energy sources integration. However, stability respect to momentarily fault Load Frequency Control (LFC) models, terms time taken for settle, magnitude overshoot Steady-State Error (SSE) margin, still remain challenge various proposed LFC designs stability. This paper proposes an intelligent demand variations controller four-area interconnected using Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) optimisation technique. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) were integrated implemented on system. The optimised GSA-PID demonstrated robustness superiority instability settle maximum all four areas compared results Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) PID conventional under 1% 5% load perturbation. settling produced tremendous PSO-PID PID, performance shows better dynamic responses superior damping, less overshoot, minimum oscillations shorter transient duration.